Constipation (HB)
Constipation is a blockage in the digestive system by feces. The most common cause is from dehydration–fluid is reclaimed from the materials in the large intestine. If enough fluid is pulled back, the feces can become very hard which makes it difficult to pass.
Other causes are “lack of opportunity” or shy poopers. Preventing bowel movements can cause the materials to compress and back up.
Bowel obstructions (e.g. swelling) can also cause materials to back up leading to constipation.
Signs and Symptoms
The patient may complain of abdominal pain and history will reveal an abnormal schedule for last “outs.”
Red Flags
Any time we have other critical system problems or fever we should consider the problem to be high risk–constipation can lead to sepsis. It is also high-risk if the patient is in severe pain and the material cannot be passed even with stool softeners or laxatives.
Treatment
Make sure the patient is well hydrated and has privacy to have a bowel movement. Adding fiber to the diet can help as it retains water and creates bulk that makes it easier to pass.
If the constipation is severe, you can consider over-the-counter stool softeners or laxatives. Enemas can also be appropriate, but do not do if there is severe abdominal pain.